Physics > Modern Physics > Dual Nature Of Radiation And Matter
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**Case Study: Photoelectric Effect**
Einstein explained the photoelectric effect on the basis of Planck''s quantum theory. Light travels as discrete packets or photons of energy $h\nu$. The number of photons incident per unit time per unit area (intensity) determines the magnitude of the photoelectric current.
When a photon is incident on a metal surface, it transfers all its energy $h\nu$ to a free electron. A portion of this energy is used to overcome the surface barrier (known as the work function, $\phi_0$), and the remaining energy appears as the maximum kinetic energy ($K_{max}$) of the emitted electron. This relationship is defined by Einstein''s photoelectric equation:
$$K_{max} = h\nu - \phi_0$$
Comprehension Question 4
Red, yellow and blue light of the same intensity are incident successively on a metal surface. Let , , and represent the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted under each respective illumination. Which of the following relationships is correct?
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