Economics > Indian Economic Development > Environment Sustainable Development

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Climate change and sustainability of environment are two pressing issues that have captured global attention. In recent years, the world has witnessed a surge in extreme weather events including severe droughts, cloud bursts, floods, land slides, receding coastlines and the alarming melting of arctic ice and Himalayan Glaciers. Wildfires have become more frequent and intense. In this context, sustainable agriculture emerges as a crucial solution. This refers to those farming practices that meet today's requirements while preserving resources for the future generation. This means adopting methods that protect the environment, reduce dependence on chemical inputs, efficiently using water and land and ensuring socio-economic equity for farmers. On one hand sustainable agricultural practices are necessary, on the other, they are often more expensive to implement compared to conventional methods. Sustainable practices like organic farming, climate smart technologies, modern irrigation system may seem costly upfront, but they offer long-term benefits by improving productivity, and environmental stewardship. Without accessible and affordable financing options, the much needed shift to sustainable farming practices will remain a distant dream for many. Therefore, sustainable finance should not only promote eco-friendly practices but also ensure that financial resources are available to the farmers who need it.

On the basis of the given text and common understanding, answer the following questions: (a) Define Sustainable Agriculture. (b) "Sustainable Agriculture practices, like organic farming may seem costly initially, but offer long term benefits." Discuss the long term benefits these practices can offer. (c) State any two strategies to promote sustainable development in a developing country like India.