CBSE 2025, Compartment, Set 1

Question

"The Indian agricultural sector during the British rule was saddled with low productivity."
In the light of the above statement, briefly explain any two reasons behind the low productivity in the Indian agricultural sector.

Edvaya · Accepted Answer

The correct answer is Subjective. During the British rule, the Indian agricultural sector was saddled with severely low productivity due to the following structural reasons: 1. **Exploitative Land Settlement Systems:** The colonial government introduced systems like the Zamindari system, under which the massive profit accruing from agriculture went entirely to the zamindars as rent, instead of the actual cultivators. Consequently, the impoverished farmers had neither the resources nor any economic incentive to invest in improving the land. 2. **Lack of Agricultural Infrastructure:** There was a profound neglect of public investment in agriculture. The sector suffered from a dismal lack of irrigation facilities, poor terracing, and extremely low levels of technological adoption, which heavily aggravated the plight of the farmers and resulted in abysmally low productivity.

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Economics > Indian Economic Development > Development Experience 1947 1990

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