CBSE 2025, BS Set 1

Question

Explain the following features of planning:

(i) Planning is a mental exercise.

(ii) Planning is continuous.

(iii) Planning is futuristic.

(iv) Planning involves decision-making.

Edvaya · Accepted Answer

The correct answer is Subjective. **(i) Planning is a mental exercise:**
Planning is an intellectual activity that requires thinking, reasoning, and imagination. It is not a physical task but involves the application of the mind — analysing information, forecasting future events, setting objectives, and designing courses of action. A manager must think ahead and use judgment and creativity to formulate effective plans. It is a deliberate and purposeful mental process.

**(ii) Planning is continuous:**
Planning is not a one-time activity. Plans are made, implemented, reviewed, and revised on an ongoing basis. Since the environment is constantly changing, plans must be updated to reflect new information, changed circumstances, and revised goals. Even after a plan is executed, new plans must be made for the next period. Planning is therefore a never-ending cycle.

**(iii) Planning is futuristic:**
Planning is always concerned with the future — it involves looking ahead and deciding what needs to be done and how. Managers use forecasting to anticipate future conditions and formulate plans accordingly. The purpose of planning is to prepare the organisation to meet future challenges and opportunities. It is based on future predictions and goal-setting for what is yet to happen.

**(iv) Planning involves decision-making:**
Planning requires choosing among alternative courses of action. At every step of planning — setting objectives, identifying alternatives, evaluating them, and selecting the best — decisions must be made. Planning is essentially a process of choosing the most appropriate path out of several available options to achieve organisational goals. Without decision-making, no meaningful plan can be formulated.

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Business Studies > Principles And Functions Of Management > Planning

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