CBSE 2025, Set 2

Question

How does the process of Natural Selection affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Explain with the help of graphs.

Edvaya · Accepted Answer

The correct answer is Subjective. **SOLUTION** Natural selection is one of the key evolutionary forces that disrupts the genetic stability of a population (Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium) by favoring certain alleles, leading to a change in allelic frequencies. It acts in three primary ways: 1. **Stabilizing Selection:** Nature favors the average or mean character value. Extreme phenotypes are eliminated. The resulting distribution graph peaks higher and narrower. 2. **Directional Selection:** Nature favors individuals displaying a phenotype at one of the extremes. The entire peak shifts in one specific direction. 3. **Disruptive Selection:** Nature favors individuals at both extreme ends of the phenotypic spectrum over intermediate forms. The distribution curve splits, leading to the formation of two distinct peaks. ![Natural Selection Graphs](https://www.edvaya.com/images/cbse/biology/2025/natural-selection-graphs.webp)

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