CBSE 2025, Set 1

Question

Explain the basis on which the gel electrophoresis technique works. Write any two ways the products obtained through this technique can be utilised.

Edvaya · Accepted Answer

The correct answer is Subjective. **SOLUTION** **Principle of Gel Electrophoresis:** Since DNA molecules are inherently negatively charged, they can be separated by forcing them to move towards the positively charged anode under an electric field through a medium or matrix (typically agarose gel). The DNA fragments separate according to their size through the sieving effect provided by the agarose matrix; smaller sized DNA fragments experience less resistance and move farther and faster than larger ones. **Utilisation of Products:** The resultant separated DNA fragments can be utilized in several ways (any two): 1. **Recombinant DNA Technology:** To isolate a specific gene of interest for joining with a vector. 2. **DNA Fingerprinting:** To analyze VNTR patterns in forensic science. 3. **Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR):** As templates for amplification.

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